![]() We quantified patterns of covariation in multiple traits and their relationship with multiple receiver contexts, specifically competitors, mates and predators. We repeatedly measured the display behavior, covering the entire signaling repertoire, of individually-tagged wild males on their territories over their lifespans. dorsalis display from prominent rock perches within their territories, which overlap multiple female home ranges in rocky open habitats. In addition, we also examined patterns in covariation of signals as an initial test of an alternative hypothesis, that multiple signals may be maintained as redundant signals such traits are proposed to convey and reinforce the same component of information and are expected to be strongly correlated. We tested a key hypothesis for the maintenance of multiple signals in a wild population of the lizard, Psammophilus dorsalis, specifically whether multiple signals are maintained as multiple messages directed at different receivers. Tests of evolutionary hypotheses comprehensively covering the signaling repertoire in wild populations are crucial to establish biological relevance, yet are relatively rare. Why animals commonly use multiple conspicuous and presumably costly signals is poorly understood. Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. ![]()
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